In this episode of IIDA Summit, we had a deep discussion about embracing sustainable architecture by Yatin Pandya from Footprints Earth. Yatin Pandya is not only a practicing architect but also a renowned researcher, with a Master’s degree in Architecture from McGill University, Montreal, and an undergraduate degree from CEPT University, Ahmedabad. His extensive experience spans city planning, urban design, mass housing, interior design, product design, and architectural conservation.

Pandya’s accolades include over 38 national and international awards for architectural design, research, and dissemination. Among his most recent honors are the United Nations Habitat Award (Special Mention) and the United States Study Stone Foundation Design Prize for Sustainable Practice. He has authored several books on architecture, emphasizing traditional Indian architectural concepts and space-making elements, and has written over 300 articles in national and international journals. Additionally, Pandya has produced more than 30 video documentaries on architecture and has lectured globally on environmental sustainability, social-cultural appropriateness, timeless aesthetics, and economic affordability.

As we connect through this virtual medium, Pandya reflects on the past year and a half of the pandemic. He urges us to “rethink, pause, and reshape our built environment,” emphasizing that this period has taught us valuable lessons about humility and the importance of sustainable practices. The pandemic has served as a great equalizer, highlighting the need for inclusivity and frugality while underscoring the significance of environmental sustainability.

The Pandemic’s Lessons for Sustainable Development

Pandya stresses the importance of understanding our role as part of a larger ecosystem. The pandemic has shown us that nature can rejuvenate when given a chance, as evidenced by improved air and water quality during lockdowns. This period of reflection has led us to recognize the need for a development model that balances human needs with environmental sustainability.

Nature, as Pandya explains, is a dynamic, ever-changing entity that provides hope and continuity. It reminds us of the cyclical nature of time and the spontaneous beauty of life. Architecture should draw inspiration from these qualities, aiming to create spaces that are harmonious with the environment and responsive to the needs of the community.

Revisiting Traditional Wisdom

Pandya advocates for a return to traditional wisdom, where architecture is influenced by local climate, culture, and resources. He contrasts the homogenized modern urban landscapes with the diverse, contextually rich environments of traditional settlements. This approach ensures that architecture is not only sustainable but also culturally and socially relevant.

The Future of Urban Development

The concept of smart cities, often touted as the future of urban development, needs careful re-evaluation. Pandya questions whether the vision of smart cities aligns with sustainable and inclusive growth or if it merely serves as a slogan devoid of meaningful impact. He emphasizes the need for development models that prioritize community, inclusiveness, and equitable distribution of resources.

In our contemporary pursuit of social equality, the importance of literacy cannot be overstated. Literacy serves as a foundation for economic empowerment, gender equity, and overall social integration. Drawing inspiration from Mahatma Gandhi’s holistic approach to societal challenges can provide valuable insights into how literacy can be leveraged to address broader social issues.

Gandhi’s Holistic Approach to Social Challenges

Mahatma Gandhi’s strategy for social reform was multifaceted and interconnected. By advocating for swaraj or self-reliance, Gandhi addressed various societal problems through a singular vision. His efforts to eradicate untouchability, improve sanitation, and promote economic independence were all part of a larger framework aimed at uplifting rural communities and integrating marginalized groups into the social fabric.

Gandhi understood that the root causes of social issues were deeply interwoven. For instance, the practice of untouchability was not only a matter of social discrimination but also a consequence of the lack of proper sanitation and economic opportunities for those deemed untouchable. By promoting sanitation, he indirectly tackled untouchability. Similarly, by encouraging spinning using the charkha, he empowered women economically while fostering dignity and self-reliance.

Literacy as a Tool for Social Change

Building on Gandhi’s principles, we can view literacy as a tool for comprehensive social change. Literacy goes beyond the mere ability to read and write. It encompasses the capacity to understand, question, and engage with the world. Here are a few ways in which literacy contributes to social equality:

1. Economic Empowerment: Literacy enables individuals to access better job opportunities, understand financial systems, and start their own businesses. This economic independence is crucial for lifting people out of poverty and reducing economic disparities.
2. Gender Equity: Educating women and girls has a profound impact on gender equality. Literate women are more likely to participate in the workforce. Thus, make informed health decisions, and advocate for their rights and the rights of their children.
3. Health and Nutrition: Literacy plays a critical role in improving health and nutrition. Educated individuals are better equipped to understand health information, access healthcare services, and make healthier lifestyle choices.
4. Social Integration: Literacy fosters social integration by enabling individuals to participate fully in society. It helps bridge gaps between different social groups, promoting understanding and reducing discrimination.

Design Thinking for Literacy Programs

Adopting a design thinking approach can enhance the effectiveness of literacy programs. Design thinking emphasizes understanding the needs of the community, iterating solutions, and implementing them in a way that is culturally and contextually appropriate. Here are some strategies:

1. Contextual Relevance: Literacy programs should be tailored to the specific needs and realities of the community. For instance, in rural areas, incorporating agricultural education can make literacy more relevant and engaging.
2. Holistic Solutions: Like Gandhi’s approach, literacy initiatives should address multiple facets of life. Programs can integrate health education, vocational training, and social awareness to provide a comprehensive learning experience.
3. Community Involvement: Engaging local communities in the design and implementation of literacy programs ensures that the solutions are culturally sensitive and sustainable. Community involvement also fosters a sense of ownership and responsibility.
4. Adaptive Learning Methods: Utilizing various learning methods, including digital tools, storytelling, and hands-on activities, can cater to different learning styles and make education more accessible.

The Importance of Cultural Appropriateness

As humans, our cultures and traditions deeply influence our perspectives and behaviors. Even in the face of modernization, some cultural elements remain steadfast, shaping our interactions and decisions. For instance, in India, the sight of gods and goddesses’ icons or sacred symbols like the swastik can curb inappropriate behaviors, demonstrating the enduring power of cultural symbols.

Cultural appropriateness plays a crucial role in maintaining societal harmony. Respecting symbols and traditions helps preserve cultural integrity and fosters a sense of community. For instance, the sacredness associated with the swastik in India prevents people from desecrating spaces adorned with it. This cultural sensitivity is an essential aspect of societal behavior and can influence how we interact with our environment.

Learning from Historical Monuments

Historic buildings and monuments offer valuable lessons in environmental management and sustainable living. Constructed in pre-electricity times, these structures were designed to remain cool and comfortable using natural ventilation systems. The clever use of courtyards, jalis (perforated screens), and shaded streets facilitated airflow and temperature regulation, creating a comfortable living environment without relying on modern energy-intensive solutions.

Traditional Construction Techniques

Modern construction techniques often fail to match the durability and efficiency of traditional methods, especially in harsh climates. For example, contemporary buildings made with cement might crack under intense heat, whereas traditional structures, built using age-old techniques, stand the test of time. These traditional methods incorporate locally sourced materials and climate-responsive designs, ensuring longevity and sustainability.

Documenting and Preserving Heritage

Documenting historic buildings is essential for preserving architectural heritage and the knowledge embedded within these structures. Political and commercial interests often lead to the destruction of historic sites, erasing valuable cultural memory. By documenting these buildings, we can ensure that future generations learn from and appreciate the architectural wisdom of the past. This documentation serves as a resource for architects and builders, providing insights into sustainable and resilient construction techniques.

Integrating Traditional Wisdom with Modern Needs

The integration of traditional wisdom with modern architectural practices can lead to smarter and more sustainable solutions. Instead of discarding old methods, we can build upon them, enhancing our designs with the best of both worlds. This approach not only preserves cultural heritage but also promotes environmental sustainability. As we move forward, it’s crucial to recognize the value of historical practices and adapt them to contemporary needs.