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Architecture In India: Sustainable & Climate Responsive | Elev8 2025

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This Keynote Speech from Elev8 Bangalore 2025 features architects Sandeep Khosla and Amaresh Anand discussing the design philosophy of Khosla Associates. They emphasize a contextual approach deeply rooted in site, climate, and local culture, promoting a sustainable and passive design strategy for India’s diverse environments. Throughout the talk, they share how their studio bridges traditional vernacular methods with a modern sensibility to create buildings that are both efficient and culturally resonant. By focusing on passive strategies rather than heavy technology, they demonstrate how architecture can responsibly harmonize with nature, providing climate-responsive solutions for the future of Indian construction.

Key Design Philosophy & Strategies:

Sunlight Management: The architects focus on protecting buildings from harsh sunlight while allowing diffused natural daylight. Examples include large overhangs and lyrical skylights in the Retreat in the Sahyadris, and louvered screens in the Gulmohar Clubhouse.

Air Movement & Passive Cooling:

By understanding local breeze patterns, they modulate air through buildings. Notably, the DPS Kindergarten School utilizes terracotta jali walls and a stack effect in courtyards to cool classrooms without air conditioning.

Water Management:

They advocate for rainwater harvesting through recharging pits and storage tanks. In a project in Coorg, the designers use stored rainwater as a landscape feature. They also utilize graywater recycling with reed beds to filter water for gardening.

India Modern Sensibility:

They promote sustainable choices by collaborating with local artisans and sourcing materials within a 5-kilometer radius for projects like the GreenPark Hotel to reduce environmental impact.

Adaptive Reuse:

A major focus is on retrofitting and recycling existing structures rather than demolishing them. This is highlighted by the multi-decade transformation of the Tract and Book Society building in Bangalore, which has housed a bar, bookstore, and café.

In conclusion, Khosla and Anand advocate for building flexibility that considers a structure’s afterlife, arguing that buildings should be able to adapt to new uses over generations. Their dedication to sustainable architecture is evidenced by their use of local craft, intelligent sunlight management, and robust water harvesting techniques. By emphasizing adaptive reuse and retrofitting, they propose a path forward that minimizes environmental impact while celebrating India’s rich architectural heritage. Ultimately, their philosophy teaches us that responsible, contextual design is not just about aesthetics, but about creating enduring spaces that nurture both the inhabitants and the planet.

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